What is indium oxide made of?
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a ternary composition of indium, tin and oxygen in varying proportions. Depending on the oxygen content, it can be described as either a ceramic or an alloy. Indium tin oxide is typically encountered as an oxygen-saturated composition with a formulation of 74% In, 18% Sn, and 8% O by weight.
What is ITO material?
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is one of the most widely used transparent conducting oxides (TCO) because of its two main properties: its electrical conductivity and optical transparency. It is also a relatively inexpensive material and is easy to be deposited as a thin film on glass, PET, and other substrates.
How is indium oxide formed?
Manufacturing Process. Indium oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized by a basic chemical route using indium (III) nitrate. They are formed after calcining the dried precursor in air at 400°C (752°F) for 10 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman studies can be used to analyze the nanoparticles.
What is tin doped indium?
Tin doped indium oxide (ITO) films are highly transparent in the visible region, exhibiting high reflectance in the infrared region, and having nearly metallic conductivity. Owing to this unusual combination of electrical and optical properties, this material is widely applied in optoelectronic devices.
Where is indium tin oxide found?
Indium tin oxide is found in invisible antennae and thin-film solar cells. Indium tin oxide layers protect image sensors of high-quality digital cameras. Due to its transparency and electrical conductivity, ITO is used for coating non-conductive materials such as plastics to prevent electrostatic charging.
Is ITO a dielectric?
Although the dielectric constant of silica is about 3.9 for capacitor applications at low frequencies, it drops to about 2.2 at the visible range or at high frequencies; the dielectric constant of ITO is 3.2, which is about 1.5 times higher than that of silica.
Why is ITO transparent?
ITO is not as conductive as metals, they do reflect light to, but this reflection only kicks in at longer wavelength (beyond visible light wavelength), therefore, they are transparent in the visible region.
Is ITO reflective?
Reflection spectrum of ITO shows the minimum reflection of 0.4% at 523 nm while reflection spectrum of TiO2 shows the minimum reflection of 3.5% at 601 nm within the 400- to 1,000-nm range.
Is indium oxide a semiconductor?
Oxide semiconductors such as zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, and indium oxide can be highly doped to make them conducting films [6.84]. Since these semiconductors have a large bandgap, they are transparent in the visible range. Hence, these materials are known as transparent conducting oxides (TCOs).
What is the formula for indium oxide?
In₂O₃Indium(III) oxide / Formula
What is ITO coating?
ITO coated glass is made by spreading a thin but uniform layer of Indium Tin Oxide over a glass substrate, making the glass both low resistance and highly transparent. ITO coated glass is made by spreading a thin but uniform layer of Indium Tin Oxide over a glass substrate.
Is indium tin oxide a semiconductor?
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a well-known n-type degenerate semiconductor with a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications.